Stories from “The Okie” the USS Oklahoma

December 7, 1941 is a day as they said will live in infamy. And that it has 75 years later we discuss and remember what happened on that morning at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. I don’t think there is a person alive that doesn’t know the story of what happened.

We talk about a lot stories of heroics and loss and how it turned the war in favor of the allies. One of my favorite quotes that gives me goose bumps is allegedly from Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto some months after the Pearl Harbor attack saying “I fear we have awakened a sleeping giant and filled him with terrible resolve” he may or may not have wrote it but I sure do like it.

As a current member of the Navy reserves going into my 11^th year, Pearl Harbor means a great deal to me and reading stories of what young men did just astounds me. One story that caught my eye this year is of a Navy Chaplain that did way more than he was asked and gave just what he was asked by his country.

Reverend Aloysius Schmitt (LTJG)

I am speaking of Reverend Aloysius Schmitt, not many chaplains get their name mentioned among the likes of war heroes. This chaplain put his life on the line for his fellow sailors and in the end paid the ultimate sacrifice for saving others. I would love to tell you that Mr. Schmitt was from Oklahoma but that’s not the case. He was born in St. Lucas, Iowa and became an ordained priest in 1935 after just four years he became a chaplain in the United States Navy as a Lieutenant Junior Grade in 1939. One year after joining the Navy he was assigned to the USS Oklahoma. He had no idea the day he received those orders that he would be on one the most famous ships in history and eventually lose is his life on that shi

p.

It is said that Schmitt had finished up morning Mass when torpedoes struck the side of the Oklahoma and the lower decks began filling with water. Trapping all lower deck, the sailors inside. Rev. Schmitt was among a group of sailors who found a small porthole leading out of the ship and instead of getting out he used his height to lift other sailors through the porthole to escape the ship which was sinking fast. It took the Oklahoma only 12 minutes to capsize not much time for hundreds of sailors to escape. Rev. Schmitt went down with the ship that day but saved several other lives in doing so. He became the first Chaplain to die in World War II, in all there would be 100 total chaplains die by the end of the war.

Capsized USS Oklahoma (center) alnongside the USS Maryland (right)

He was awarded several medals including the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Medal for bravery and the Purple Heart. He also had a destroyer named after him the USS Schmitt. Now that is one way to go out if you are going to go.

 Of the 429 people who perished that day Schmitt was one of the “unknowns” for a long time but was recently identified and sent back to Dubuque, Iowa and finally had a proper burial on October 7, 2016.

This is just one of many stories of heroism that occurred on the USS Oklahoma that day, and a stretch for Oklahoma history but a story I wanted to tell.

The USS Oklahoma Memorial Pearl Harbor dedicated Dec 7 2007

Twitter: @okiehistorypics 

Rev Schmitt picture courtesy of;  Telegraph Herald

 USS Oklahoma picture courtesy of: Ho'okole

USS Oklahoma memorial picture courtesy of: Oklahoma Memorial 

Oklahoma Turns 109

via Oklahoma Historical Society

Today is Oklahoma's 109th year of statehood, becoming a state on this day November 16th 1907. That day in Guthrie they held an inauguration parade for Oklahoma's first governor Charles N. Haskell. Haskell was born in Ohio but made his way to Muskogee via a business venture in a rail line that ran from Fayetteville, Arkansas. After serving as a delegate to the Sequoya's Constitutional Convention in 1905, he won the vote for Oklahoma's first governor by nearly 30,000 votes. The population of both Oklahoma and Indian Territory where a combined 1,414,177. According to the election board website there were three candidates on the ballot. Democratic nominee Haskell received 134,162 votes and Republican Frank Frantz received 106,507 votes and Socialist candidate Joseph Hanna received 9,678 votes . There were a total of 250,409 votes cast. That is 17% of the population at the time. Considering the era that isn't half bad. In 109 years we have only increased that to 39% of the Oklahoma population voting.

via Maps Etc

The town of Haskell, Oklahoma is named after our first governor as well as Haskell County.  You can also thank Mr. Haskell for getting Oklahoma started on the "dry" side of the alcohol laws by writing prohibition into our constitution. It wasn't till 1933, coincidentally the same year that Charles Haskell died, that they introduced the sale of beer in Oklahoma.

via Chickasaw.tv 

But this is not about liquor laws and such, its about becoming a state. It is celebrating the day our great state actually became a recognized state and not just a territory anymore.

Just for fun here are some other things that
happened around the state and the world in 1907.
The week before we became a state the 3rd Bedlam game was held in Norman between Oklahoma A&M and University of Oklahoma. Which might I add if you look on the map above the University of Oklahoma was actually in Indian Territory so Oklahoma State fans can say that they are the original university in Oklahoma.

However, I digress.  As most of you probably know the Chicago Cubs won the world series in 1907. Royal Oil and Shell merge to form British Petroleum (BP). The worlds first air force was established by the US Army. The famous Pike Place Market was dedicated in Seattle. Lot's of things happened in 1907 but by far the most important was on November 16th 1907, live it up Oklahoma you're getting up there!

What do Will Rogers and bowl games have in common?

With bowl season just getting started and all the state schools playing in bowl games around the country it got me thinking about our states history with bowl games. Have we ever hosted a bowl game? Yes, we have the first in 1947 the inaugural and subsequently the last year for the Will Rogers Bowl held in Oklahoma City. The two lucky teams were Pepperdine University and Nebraska Wesleyan University. The night before the big game a storm blew in leaving snow and cold temperatures in it's path with a high for the day at 30° only 800 people showed up for the game. It was held on January 1, 1947 at 2:30 p.m. at Taft Stadium. Pepperdine won the game 38-13 and it is their one and only bowl appearance as they do not play football at the school anymore. 

 

Pepperdine bus with the Will Rogers Bowl banner 

 

Promotional photo for the bowl game Pepperdine Coach Warren Gaer (L) player Dennis Horn, and Will Rogers Jr. pose with a photo of Will Rogers.

 Taft Stadium was built by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in 1934 it had a capacity at the time of 18,200 it was and still is located at  NW 23rd and May Ave. The stadium is currently home to Northwest Classen and John Marshall High School football teams. It has seen everything from the Oklahoma bowl games, stock car racing, soccer, and countless high school football games. It was recently "remodeled" but looks to me that it is a shell of what it once was. 

There is not a whole lot of information that I was able to find about this game as far as advertising or pictures but seeing how only 800 people showed up I guess it wasn't that big of a deal at the time. However, there is a very interesting 27 minute silent video of the game if you have the time take a look at it, the link will be at the bottom of the page. I took some screen shots of the video just to show some scenes from it as well.

It was brought to my attention that there were also four other bowl games played at Taft stadium called the All-Sports Bowl from 1961-64 all included a team from Oklahoma.

1961: Oklahoma Panhandle -28 vs. Langston 14 (8,000 people in attendance)
1962: Nebraska-Omaha - 34 vs. East Central 21 (2,500 people in attendance)
1963: Northeastern St. - 59 vs. Slippery Rock 12 (attendance unknown)
1964: Sul Ross St - 21 vs. East Central 13 (attendance unknown)

Players warming up before the game.

It seems like there are bowl games everywhere now and there are, 40 games to be exact.  The University of Tulsa will travel to Shreveport, Louisiana which has a population of 446,471 in the metro area. Which shows there is no reason we don’t have a bowl in Oklahoma! Oklahoma City is roughly 1.4 million people in the metro area and Tulsa is just under a million. Why can’t we be one of the 40 bowl games that smaller cities around the country host and bring money into their states by doing so? I wish I had an answer for everyone reading, I don’t know if it’s just because we don’t want one or don’t think we have the facilities to handle one which is probably the case. Norman would be the most plausible place to play a bowl game. I do think it is time our state pushes to bring back the Will Rogers Bowl or shall I say the Devon Energy Will Rogers Bowl or something along those lines, it won't bring 900 million into the state to offset the deficit, but it wouldn't hurt. Oklahoma deserves another chance to show the country that we can bring more people out to a bowl game in our great state. 

Taft Stadium before remodel

Close up of Taft Stadium scoreboard 1947

Will Rogers Bowl Trophy 

1947 Will Rogers Bowl game footage

Taft Stadium picture via: Waymarking

Pictures of run down Taft Stadium before the remodel: Daily Oklahoman

Info on Taft Stadium: Daily Oklahoman

Trophy and Will Rogers Jr. pictures from Pepperdine Archives

All other pictures are screen shots from the video link above. 

Bowl scores NCAA

If anyone has any pictures of the All-Sports Bowls held at Taft Stadium I would love to see them and will ad them to the page with permission.

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Email at okhistorypics@gmail.com 

Frank Lloyd Wright: Prairie Skyscraper

On a "snowy" day in Northeastern Oklahoma where me and my wife both had the day off work, instead of staying at home and relaxing in the warm house we decided to venture up highway 75 to Bartlesville. Partly inspired by the book I received in the mail yesterday, a postcard history of Bartlesville. We decided we would go grab lunch at the Price Tower and then grab some coffee downtown. Neither one of us had ever been to the Price Tower and we were pretty excited to see it.

Entrance to Copper Restaurant and Bar on the 15th floor of the Price Tower 

Now I know this isn't a food blog but if you are ever in the area and decide to go to the Copper Restaurant and Bar you will not be disappointed the food was great. Moving on, I thought the tower looked smaller than it actually is. We talked to a lady inside who told us it was 19 stories and that there are hotel rooms on every other floor for a grand total of 19 rooms. We looked it up and rooms run from $145 a night for one bedroom suite with king bed to $245 a night for a two bedroom suite. They also offer a tour of the building for a nominal fee, which we opted out of but would still like to do sometime.

The Price Tower was designed by the one and only Frank Lloyd Wright and is the tallest structure he designed that was ever built. The tower was originally designed in 1929 as a three tower group called St. Marks in the Bowery in New York City. The St. Marks Church was to be the center piece with these buildings surrounding it. This obviously never happened and FLW had to sit on his plans for a little while longer.

Sketch of what the tower arrangement in New York around St Marks Church would have looked like.

Now for those of you who don't know FLW came up with an innovative design using a center "taproot" for his building and having lightweight floors and walls hanging off it much like a tree has a center trunk and branches hanging from it. This design allowed for less materials and thus a cheaper total cost to build tall structures. Although it was FLW's idea other architects adapted it and had buildings built before he could. FLW's thought process was that you could build this tower and sort of get the city started around this central tower and these could be built anywhere,

Plans for Price Tower showing the center taproot design.

It wasn't until 1952 that FLW's first and last skyscraper would start to be realized when Howard C. Price owner of H.C. Price Company, which built oil and gas pipelines, decided to construct a new headquarters building in Bartlesville.

Inside of one of the four elevators of the Price Tower depicting the construction of the tower.

It wasn't until 1954 that construction began and was finally finished on January 2nd 1956. Frank Lloyd Wright died not long after on March 16th 1959.

Price Tower Bartlesville, Ok

View of downtown Bartlesville from the 15th floor of the Price Tower

Downtown Bartlesville looking out from the Price Tower

Downtown Bartlesville looking out from the Price Tower

There is a little more on the timeline at the Price Tower website here: Price Tower
You can also learn more about Frank Lloyd Wright and his architecture here: Frank Lloyd Wright

Picture Sketch with around St. Marks Church http://smhlf.org/content/landmark-fund-lectures
Plan, Source: http://newamericanvillage.blogspot.com/2009/08/frank-lloyd-wrights-price-tower.html
Outside PIcture of Price Tower source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_Tower



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The Battle of Ingalls

Approximately 54 miles west of Tulsa on highway 51 lies the ghost town of Ingalls. Ingalls was later changed to Signet in 1921 but that town also never really took off. Ingalls started off as most towns of that time did, ready to grow and be the next big metropolis in Oklahoma Territory. 

I found this story, true or not pretty entertaining, it just goes to show you that kids were kids back then and will always be kids. As one townsman recalled, when the town was still young there was a water well being drilled when suddenly they hit what they thought was a vein of coal. This of course spread like wildfire and everyone in the town thought this was the towns big break. But it turned out that two girls had dumped coal into the hole as a joke. I can only imagine how mad the leaders of this town, and the two girls fathers were when they found out that their "boom town" was to be so short lived.

Anyway, Ingalls was a rather large town for this time period it had four or five doctors, stores, livery barns, saloons, hotel, blacksmith shop and other common businesses of the time.

A notorious band of outlaws chose this up and coming town as their favorite place to hang out. The outlaws were actually well behaved when coming and going in town, I am sure this was to not stir up any sort of law enforcement in the area.  These “boys” as some of the residents called them drank in the saloons, played poker, furnished oysters for country dances and took part in a lot of community affairs. (Wow! I can almost picture the whole town scene playing out like some great western, setting up for the grand finale gunfight.)

On the afternoon of September 1, 1893 just six months after the opening of the Cherokee Strip to homesteaders, the town of Ingalls is caught up in a gun fight. This turned into one of the deadliest confrontations in the history of the U.S. marshals. The gang was inside George Ransom’s saloon, the members of the gang present were Bill Doolin, Bill Dalton, Dan “Dynamite Dick” Clifton,  George “Red Buck” Weightman, George “Bitter Creek” Newcomb, “Arkansas Tom” Jones, and Bill “Tulsa Jack” Blake.  The marshals were headed by Deputy Marshal John Hixon, along with him were four other deputies which included Lafe Shadley, Tom Hueston, Dick Speed, and Jim Masterson. There were eight additional men with them to try and bring down the gang once and for all.

During the gunfight Deputy Hueston was fired on as he dove for cover.  Amidst the gunfire Deputy Speed tried to get over to where Deputy Shadley was, Doolin shot Speed killing him. Shadley sees one of the outlaws fall after being shot and moved in but he too was killed and outlaw Bill Dalton was credited for this kill. With 3 out of 5 deputies down I assume times got desperate and Deputy Masterson through some dynamite into where the outlaws hiding place. This I would assume caused the outlaws to scatter but one did not get away, “Arkansas Tom” Jones. As the rest of the outlaws escaped to the southeast of town they turned and fired a few more shots and one of those shots killed an innocent bystander by the name of Frank Briggs.

Deputy Speed died instantly from his gunshot wound and Deputies Hueston and Shadley died the next day. The apprehended outlaw, “Arkansas Tom” Jones was sent to federal prison in Guthrie, Oklahoma Territory.  

"Arkansas Tom" Jones sent to federal prison in Gurthie, Ok

Even though the story I just told gives all the facts I just couldn’t post this without having the following because no one can tell this story better than someone who was actually there. Below is an excerpt from the diary of Dr. J.H. Pickering whose family lived in the town of Ingalls. Dr. Pickering was there that day helping attend to the wounded. (Any typos or misspelled words were part of the diary so I left them just for affect.)

Diary of Dr. J.H. Pickering

In July Wm. Doolan, George Newcomb (alias Bitter Creek), Slaughter Kid, Tom Jones (alias Arkansas Tom), Danimite, Tulsa Jack and Bill Dalton began to come here frequently & in a short time they all staid here accept Dalton. He was out at B. Dunn's. As a rule they were quite (sic) and peaceable. They all went heavily armed & constantly on their guard, generally went 2 together. They boarded at the O.K. Hotel, staid at B. Dunn's when not in town. The last of this month a man by the name of Dock Roberts and Red Lucas came to town looking up a proposed Rail Road rout. Both parties took in the haunts of the outlaws. They were both jovial fellows & soon were drinking & playing cards with them. They left and came back in a week & said they was here to locate a booth, a place for intended settlers to register and get certificates to make a race for land or town lots, They staid here until the last week in August then left. On the morning of Sept. 1st there was 27 deputy marshals piloted into town in covered wagons. They caused no suspicion as there was hundreds of Boomers moving the same way. 2 wagons stopped at Light's Black Smith Shop & one drove up by my house & they all proceeded to unload in a quite (8b) manner and take positions. Doolan, Bitter Creek, Danimite Dick, Tulsa Jack, & Dalton was in Ransom & Murrys Saloon.  

Murray's Saloon Ingalls, Ok

Arkansas Tom was in bed at the Hotel. Bitter Creek got his horse & was riding up to a small building where Said ConIey staid & the marshalls thinking he was known to the move tired on him. Dick Speed marshal from Perkins fired the first shot. The magazine was knocked ofCf1 of his, Bitter Creek's gun & he was shot in the leg. He made his escape to the southwest. Speed was shot about this time & instantly killed, also young Simonds mortally wounded. The fires of the Marshalls was centered on the Saloon 8t old man Ransom was shot in the leg. Marry in arm and aide. Walker shot through the liver. By this time the outlaws had got to the stable & saddled their horses. Doolan & Danimite went out at the back door & down a draw southwest. Dalton and Tulsa made a dash from the front door. As they came out Dalton's horse was hit on the jaw but he had a hard time getting him started, but finally 8ucceeded.s He went probably 75 yards when his horse got his leg broke. He then got off of him & walked on the opposite side for a ways, then left him but came back to his saddle pockets & got his wire cutters & cut a fence, then got behind one of the other boys & rode off. A great many say he shot Shadly but I seen Shadly run from my place to Dr. Call's fence & in going through it he was first shot. He then got to Ransom's house & was debating with Mrs. Ransom, she ordering him to leave when he got his last shots.  He fell there and crawled to Selph's cave. A great many believe that Dalton shot him; intact he thot so for when I and Dr. Selph was working with him in the cave he said Dalton shot him 3 times quicker than he could turn around, but I think I know better, taking the lay of the ground in consideration & I stood where I saw Dalton most of the time & never saw him fire once & Shadly was hit in the right hip and all the balls tended downward. If Dalton had of shot him he would of been shot in front & balls of ranged up. The outlaws crossed the draw south of town & stopped a few minutes shooting up the street my house is on. One of these shots hit Frank Briggs in the shoulder but a slight flesh wound. I took him to my cave and dressed his wound, then wen1 to Walker & gave him temporary (sio) aid, from there to Murry's & laid his wound open and removed the shattered bone. Some of the doctors11 wanted me to amputate but I fought for his arm; 2 inch radius (&) was shot away, slight flesh wounds in the side. About this time I was called aside & told to go to Hotel, that Jones was up there either wounded or killed. I and Alva Peirce & boy by the name of Wendell, boys about 12 years old, went over. I went in & called but got no answer & was about to leave when he12 came to top of the stairs & says 'is that you Dock?' and I told him it was. I asked U he was hurt & he said no. He said for me to come up & I told him if he wasn't hurt I would not but he insisted. So I went up. He had his coat and vest off also his boots. Had his Winchester in his hands & revolvers lying on the bed. I said Tom come down and surrender. He says 'I can't do it for I won't get justice'. He says: 'I don't want to hurt anyone but I won't be taken alive.' He says: 'Where is the boys?' (meaning the outlaws). I told him they had gone. He said he did not think they would leave him. It hurt him bad. I never seen a man wilt so in my life. He staid in Hotel till after 2 o'clock & then surrendered to a Mr. Mason, a preacher. They took him off right away. Of the wounded, Simonds died at 6 p.m. Shadly & Hueton was taken to Stillwater, both died in three or four days. Walker shot through the liver died the 16th. All the rest recovered. The outlaws staid close to town as Bitter Creek was not able to travel. Dr. Bland of Cushion tended him. I loaned him instruments to work on wound with although I did not know just where he was at. A piece of magazine was blown in his leg. It eventually worked out and he got able to again ride. Tom was indicted for the killing of Huston, Speed & Shadly, was tried on the Huston case and convicted of manslaughter in 1st degree with no leniency of the court. Judge dale sentenced him to 50 years at hard labor in the Lansing Penitentiary. Dalton drifted away from the crowd & was killed near Ardmore. The rest staid around Dunn'e. Danamite ordered a big gun sent to Tulsa. The Marshalls got onto it & watched for him thinking he would come in at night to get it but he rode in at 2 p.m. & got his gun & was getting out of town before they knew it. They started after him & had a running fight from there to Turkey Track ranch. They killed 2 horses from under him. They thought they had him surrounded in the timber there & sent for more help but when they got it & searched thorough he was gone. He then left the territory for good. Bitter Creek, and Tulsa, still staid here. Doolan disappeared and no one knew where; also Edith Elsworth, they probely went off together. Bitter Creek, Tulsa, Peirce & others went to Dover & held up train. Was pushed closely & Tulsa in trying to cover the retreat of the others was shot and killed. Bitter Creek and Peirce come back to their old haunts and in a short time was killed on Dall Dunn's farm. It is the universal belief that they were betrayed by the Dunn boys If not killed by them.

There is a break in the Diary and picks up here:

In March 1896 Bill Doolan was captured in Eureka Springe by Bill Tilghman of Perry. He was brought back and lodged in Guthrie jail. I went and seen him there. In June, Danimite was caught in Texas for bootlegging, tried & sent to county jail for 60 days and they suspected him of being one of the Doolan gang & sent Magee, the U. S. Marshall, word and he sent a man there to identify him and they brought him to Guthrie. They got several murder cases against him, but on Sunday night July the 5th, Doolan and a negro overpowered the guards, locked them in cells & 14 of the worst men made their escape, and I think for good. Rumor is they were helped to get out. Time will tell as there is to be an investigation. Toward the last of August, Doolan and small band was located on Mud Creek 12 or 15 miles east of Ingalls. He was seen to go to Lawson, P.O., several times and the marshalls laid a trap for him and between 9 and 10 o'clock Monday night, Aug. 24, he walked into it and was shot and killed dead. No particulars yet in regard to it. I will note them when I get a full account. They say Danimite & 8 others are hiding close by, Later; Doolan was at Lawson making arrangements to leave the country with his supposed wife. He had just left the woman, and was walking down the road when he was shot from ambush. He was killed dead. He was put in a wagon and taken to Guthrie that night. The parties that killed him was Heck Thomas, Dall, Bee, George and John Dunn with one or two others. They had Dr. Call's No. 8 shotgun. This did the work for he had 16 buckshot in him also 2 Winchester balls. His wife went to Guthrie to get his body but failed to get it. On the morning of the 25th the marshals sighted the remaining outlaws a few miles from where they killed Doolan, but they were on the move heading for Turkey track ranch and it is doubtful if they ever get them now. There was 4 in the bunch.

Here the Doctor’s Diary gives some insight on what happened a few months later.

Friday Nov. 6 at 4 p.m. George Dunn rode into Ingalls very fast & said his brother Bee had been shot by Deputy U. S. Marshal Canton in Pawnee. They left for there immediately. Saturday afternoon Mr. Cots of Stillwater & family, also Mrs. Bee Dunn arrived with dead body of Bee. They took him to his stepfather's house & kept the body until Sunday noon & then buried it. There was a long Funeral procession. They found no bill against Canton for the killing and let him loose at once. The feeling In Pawnee is all in favor of Canton. Past reputation is what hurts Dunn. All kinds of reports are afloat in regard to his past life. At Ingalls people are divided on the case. All was looking for Dunn to be killed, but expected it to come from some of the remaining outlaws. There is bound to be more killing over this. I think it only a matter of time until more of the Dunn boys are killed or they get Canton. After Bee's death, John, Dall and George go on the scout.19 There is a number of bills against them in Pawnee for cattle stealing. T. Boggs and Bill Long left for Kansas to avoid same charge. They got into trouble there and was sent to jail. As soon as their time was out, Havelin wrote for his step-son, Bill Long, to come home. He thought there was not anything against him but just as soon as he got here they took him in. He laid in jail at Pawnee a month or 80 and gave bond for two thousand to appear at Sept. 1897 court. Bob Boggs went to Texas to get away & stole down there 47 head of cattle. They caught him & sent him over the road for 4 years. Pawnee county will get him when his time is out. Bill Chappel, Tom Boggh A. E. Peirce and several others left the country for good. McIlhiney (Narrow Guage Kid) skipped his bond & is gone for good. Some think he went to Cuba 3. McLain, Dr. Steel & W. Wilson are his bondsmen. A May term the Grand Jury found bills against John & All McLain at our place & several others in Stillwater for perjury. They gave bonds. It was on sceduling their property for taxes.

The diary is out of a very interesting book called the “Chronicles of Oklahoma.” This book is available through the Oklahoma State Digital Library.

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v036/v036p429.pdf

Ingalls, Ok Present Day (Photo Credit: Ricky Barnard, Flickr)

Apparently there are still old buildings in Ingalls, Ok that have lasted from the days of the shoot out. I hope to check the town out for myself and see what all is still there and really get a feel for the place.


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Oklahoma Land Run

Ask any Oklahoman what year the land run occurred and they will more than likely tell you that it was in 1889. Although this was the first land run it wasn't the only land run that took place in Oklahoma. In fact there were five land runs that took place in what was then called Indian Territory. 

The fourth land run which was in 1893 and was the largest in land size took place on what was known as the Cherokee Strip. This land was of course owned by the Cherokee Indians, hence the name, as it was given to them by the government not long before. During the Civil War (1861-1865) the Cherokee fought for the Confederacy and because of this the government wanted a new treaty between them and the Cherokee, sort of as a punishment perhaps for siding with the Confederates. The government reduced the reservation lands and allowed some of the tribes to move to the eastern portion of the territory. The settlers pressured the government to purchase the land from the Cherokees, which I am sure the government did not like having to do since they had given it to them in the first place. Anyways, the government ended up purchasing it and paid more the 8.5 million dollars for 6 million acres. 

The President Grover Cleveland set the date of Sept 16, 1893. 100,000 settlers raced for 42,000 claims. The land that had just been nothing but open prairies was changed in a matter of hours. The cities of Enid, Perry, Alva, and Woodward were established that day. 

Picture taken in what would become Perry, Ok at the Land Office in 1893

1893 Land Run of more than 100,000 settlers





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